First thoughts on Kindle: Amazon’s play for downloadable content

I’ve read the blurb, downloaded and read the manual, and watched the video. Here’s my first reaction.

Let’s take it on trust that Kindle, Amazon’s new eBook reader, is light and compact, easy on the eye, simple to use, has long battery life, and is highly readable in low light or bright sunlight. That’s no small achievement, but even if that is the case I have reservations. Here goes.

1. Documents

Here is what Kindle can read:

  • Kindle (.AZW)
  • Text (.TXT)
  • Unprotected Mobipocket (.MOBI, .PRC)
  • Audible (.AA)
  • MP3 (.MP3)

So what do you do if you have a Word document you want to transfer? Answer: you send it to Amazon, which converts it and emails the result. It’s a free service unless you want it emailed direct to your Kindle, when there is a small charge. What can Amazon convert:

  • Microsoft Word (.DOC)
  • Structured HTML (.HTML, .HTM)
  • JPEG (.JPEG, .JPG), GIF (.GIF), PNG (.PNG), BMP (.BMP)

If you have a PDF you are out of luck. Not even RTF is supported, which is bizarre since it is a subset of .doc, which is supported. Don’t bet on your CSS-formatted HTML converting nicely.

Note: you can connect your Kindle to a computer and transfer documents. So there is a way to grab existing text documents such as those at the Gutenberg project and transfer them for free.

But it’s just plain text. Fine for novels, but not too good for other kinds of content. The .AZW document type on the other hand supports formatting. What is .AZW? I am guessing, but let’s consider three things:

  • Kindle supports the Mobipocket formats
  • I downloaded an .AZW document and opened it in an editor. It contains the word BOOKMOBI in the header.
  • I downloaded a .MOBI document and opened it in an editor. It contains the word BOOKMOBI in the header, in the same position.

Looks like Amazon did a deal with Mobipocket.* That’s good, in that you can download a free document creator from there. You can also convert documents (including PDF) to .MOBI using the free Mobipocket reader. Maybe if you change the extension to .AZW it might still work? Perhaps I’m too optimistic, but you never know; it’s not a big issue since the Kindle reads .MOBI anyway.

How about books you purchase from the Kindle store, are they DRM-protected? My guess is yes, but I’ve yet to confirm. I don’t see anything in the manual about reading your .AZW documents on your PC. (Update: Yes they are DRM-protected).

Personally I will not consider purchasing a book from the Kindle store if I cannot read it on other devices as well. No matter how great the Kindle is, I may be out and about with just my laptop, or just my Smartphone. I may be at my desk and want to read my Kindle content from a desktop computer. If it is similar to Mobipocket, that may be possible to some extent, but there is all that activation/DRM stuff to deal with.

*Update – Amazon actually owns Mobipocket. So why is it not using a single format with compatible DRM (or better still, no DRM) throughout? Curious.

2. Design

Even if Kindle fixes things like daylight reading (which I believe Sony has also fixed), there is still an issue with design. I was convinced by a session at Mix07 that design is a huge issue for bringing print content to the web or other electronic formats. Kindle is at a disadvantage because it is currently monochrome. Further, I’d encourage anyone to have a play with the Times Reader to see how this WPF-based application makes for a better reading experience than PDF, which is essentially an on-screen rendering of print design and combines the disadvantages of both, or even HTML.

3. Value for money

Is an .AZW book good value at $9.99? That’s not a bad price, but when I picked one at random (Musicophilia) I found that I could buy the real book for $15.60 (free shipping) or second-hand for $11.60; a lot less than the $26.00 the Kindle store claims. If I buy the physical book, I can sell it or give it away when I’m done. The deal is more marginal than it first appears. If the content is locked to the Kindle device, that’s a deal-breaker.

What if Kindle goes colour in future, as is hinted, and better Kindle editions appear as a result? Will I be expected to buy the same content again?

4. Reading blogs and browsing the Web

Using Kindle you can subscribe to a blog for $.99 per month at the Kindle store. As a professional writer and blogger, I must say I like the idea of folk paying a subscription to read my stuff. As a user, I hate it. Why should I pay for what I can get for free on any other web-connected device? Further, my blog isn’t a “Kindle blog”, and I’m not sure how I can get it on the list.

Never mind, Kindle also has a web browser:

Your Kindle comes with an Experimental application called Basic Web which is a Web browser that is optimized to read text-centric Web sites. It supports JavaScript, SSL and cookies but does not support media plug-ins (Flash, Shockwave, etc.) or Java applets.

So you can browse to http://www.itwriting.com/blog and read it anyway. Hmmm, why would I pay for a subscription if I can browse to the blog for free? Just for offline?

Especially as the blurb says:

No monthly wireless bills, service plans, or commitments—we take care of the wireless delivery so you can simply click, buy, and read.

So Kindle has free mobile data access? Now that really gets my interest, especially if it goes global. Just wait for some hacker to convert Kindle into a free wireless modem for your laptop.

5. Device convergence

I’m longing for convergence. I’m fed up with carrying a phone, a laptop, a camera, an MP3 player. We are seeing some convergence – better cameras built into phones, Apple’s iPhone which is also an iPod – but it is early days. Unfortunately Kindle is the opposite: yet another gadget to carry. I don’t mind the existence of the reader, but Amazon needs to support other devices too (as Mobipocket does) so that the convergence dream is not lost.

Amazon’s play for downloadable content

Now we see another facet to Amazon’s music download store. The company wants to be your one-stop online shop for downloadable content: music, periodicals, books, the lot. Note that Kindle plays music too.

Will it work? I have huge respect for Amazon; it has the infrastructure, the customers and the vision to make something like this work. At the same time there seem to be some awkward gaps in this initial release, and to date the public’s enthusiasm for electronic books has been limited. I doubt that Kindle 1.0 will change that. Kindle 3.0 maybe. Even so, I can’t wait to try one.

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Visual Studio 2008 is done

Microsoft says you can now download the release version of Visual Studio 2008 from MSDN subscriber downloads (presuming you have a subscription, of course).

I believe it, because this is what I get when I try:

vs2008

Looks like the server is a little stressed. But I thought you were not meant to expose your stack trace to the world?

Never mind, I’m sure I’ll get this thing downloaded soon.

Update: Edited link for one that is not broken

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Which games console this Christmas?

Which games console is the smart choice this holiday season? With four or maybe five serious contenders there is plenty of choice, and that’s good for buyers because (with one exception) it’s keeping prices down. Here’s my quick guide, in alphabetical order.

PC

I admit, it’s not a console, though you can come close if you get a media-centric computer designed for the living room. The downside, let me say at once, is that you have all the maintenance hassles which go with a real computer – patches, maybe mysterious crashes and hunting through Google in a desperate attempt to discover what “Error 9999999 could not initialize device” might possibly mean.

I include it here for one simple reason. Many of the games released for the leading consoles also come out for the PC, and they cost less. Example: FIFA 08, a reliable bestseller, on sale now at Amazon.co.uk at £39.99 for the PS3 and Xbox 360, £29.50 for the Wii, and just £24.99 for PC (or currently £18.99 if you go second user). In addition, PC games sometimes get patches and downloadable updates that their console cousins lack.

Let me just add the traditional advantages of the PC. It’s upgradable, and when you tire of playing games will do duty in the study or for setting up Linux and Slimserver like you’ve been meaning to for ages.

If you get a PC for gaming, I highly recommend not scrimping on RAM or the all-important graphics card; and don’t forget the excellent Microsoft controller, same as on the 360.

Rating: 6

PlayStation 2

Pah! Old stuff. True, but the console is small, quiet and cheap, and the games are fantastic, especially if you content yourself with trade-ins. Consider: when Microsoft and Sony were trading stats about whose next-gen console had flashiest graphics, Microsoft (fractionally on the losing end) made the point that in the end, it’s the quality of the games that counts. Nintendo then proved the point by slaughtering both in the market with the underpowered Wii. But if it’s the games that count, why not just get a PS2? Or stick with the one you have already. The bargain-hunter’s choice.

Rating: 5

PlayStation 3

Now I’ve got your interest. How does Sony’s bet-the-company console stack up against the competition? Let’s be honest: this is very much in the same camp as the Xbox 360, so that’s the thing to compare it with. It’s about superb graphics, media-center pretensions, and some neat extras like a web browser. In its favour, the PS3 seems better made than the 360, and offers a little bit more considering that it also plays Blu-Ray high-definition movies. It also comes with a larger hard drive than the 360’s parsimonious 20GB. It’s quieter too, which is a considerable advantage in your sitting room. Further, it has at least some compatibility with all those old PS2 games, though it is imperfect in most editions after Sony dropped the embedded PS2 chip for cost reasons.

The case against? It’s the most expensive console; the graphics aren’t noticeably better than the 360; it’s big and unbeautiful; and the Blu-Ray capability which makes it expensive is probably something you don’t want or need in a games console. Sony included it to get an advantage in the HD wars, not for your benefit.

Admittedly Sony is subsidizing the PS3 to get the price closer to a 360, but in practice you will find Microsoft’s offering significantly cheaper – though at least PlayStation Network is currently free, whereas Xbox Live is subscription based.

The biggest problem with the PS3 this season is that the choice of games is not there yet. The 360 has more and better games; and where the same title has come out for both platforms, there is usually little to choose, or more often an advantage to the 360. A notorious example is Pro Evolution Soccer 2008, which most agree has smoother action on the 360. Is it because the 360 is easier to program? Or that the PS3 is getting 360 ports? Probably both; but you don’t care about the reasons.

Rating: 8

Nintendo Wii

So this is the gadget that is winning in the market, thanks to Nintendo’s creative approach to console design. The Wii is far smaller and quieter than the PS3 or 360, and a good bit cheaper, though in practice the price advantage can be eroded by shortages; nobody needs to offer a good deal on the Wii. Is it the best? Well, the Wii has a few things in its favour. First, it has a motion-sensitive, position-sensitive controller than enables a level of simulation that no other console can match. Swing your arm for bowling or golf, wave your racket for tennis. There is real physical involvement. Second, the culture of the Wii is about family fun. Third, Nintendo has paid attention to detail in its console software. In particular, The “Mii” concept is beautifully executed. A Mii is a character representing your profile, and you can spend ages designing a Mii to look like a convincing caricature of the person it represents. These little folk can appear in-game as well as in the management screens. In other words, the personalization is great.

The Wii is the console of choice for filling the argumentative void between lunch and evening on Christmas day itself.

Unfortunately, the Wii is not really a replacement for the PS3 or 360. For starters, the graphics really are noticeably inferior. Second, the range of available games is inferior, though it is catching up a little. The Wii Sports game that comes free in the pack is wonderful, but it is hard to find others that are as good. Third, the motion-sensitive controller can be annoying when it is applied to everything. Fourth, there is no equivalent to the online gaming found in Xbox Live or PlayStation Network. After the thrill of Sports wears off, you could be disappointed.

Rating: 7

Xbox 360

Microsoft’s console has a lot going for it. You can’t fault the graphics; it has the best games; it has the best online experience (though you have to pay for it); it has great downloadable games in Xbox Live Arcade; it has the best controller; and in conjunction with a Media Center PC it serves as a decent all-purpose living room device as well. You can also plug in a good value HD-DVD add-on to get your high definition movie fix.

Two things spoil the 360. First, it has suffered reliability problems, so much so that Microsoft has had to extend its warranty for the common “red ring of death” issue, which most agree is caused by over-heating, thanks to a design fault in the way the components are laid out internally. This could have been forgiven if the company had moved quickly to fix it, but it seems that it continued to manufacture consoles likely to fail prematurely for long after the problem was known. Are today’s consoles better? Almost certainly, though we may not be truly out of the woods until smaller, cooler processors are fitted as standard.

Second, this console is the noisiest. That’s partly because of all the fans fitted in a vain effort to fix the overheating, and partly because of the noisy DVD drive.

I still think this is a good buy. You don’t hear the noise when playing a game, and Microsoft mostly foots the bill for hardware faults. Especial kudos to Microsoft for its controller, which in my opinion is that teensy bit more responsive and comfortable than that on the PS3; it does matter when you are hammering it hard.

I have heard from multiple sources that 360 games are easier to code than those for PS3. That means less time making them work, and more time to making them good.

If and when Microsoft issue a second edition 360 (not just the disappointing Elite) which runs whisper-quiet and properly fixes the reliability issue, I would rate this an easy win over the PS3. For now though, it is a close-run thing. Still, the 360 wins on the value front so it is arguably the better buy.

Rating: 8

Are you Mort, Elvis or Einstein?

Old news to some, but I’d not come across this until Paul Vick mentioned it on his blog. Microsoft uses the concept of personas when designing its developer tools. Nikhil Kothari explains all, in this post from 2004:

Mort, the opportunistic developer, likes to create quick-working solutions for immediate problems and focuses on productivity and learn as needed. Elvis, the pragmatic programmer, likes to create long-lasting solutions addressing the problem domain, and learn while working on the solution. Einstein, the paranoid programmer, likes to create the most efficient solution to a given problem, and typically learn in advance before working on the solution. In a way, these personas have helped guide the design of features during the Whidbey product cycle.

Whidbey was the codename for Visual Studio 2005.

Vick notes that these three personas map very loosely to Visual Basic, C# and C++. I can see what he means, though I’d have thought that all three personality types (and more) could be working in any language. You can do quick pragmatic hacks in C++ as well as in VB. Vick wants to retire Mort because he may be giving VB a bad image (internally?). Certainly it’s an unfortunate name; I’m not sure where it comes from (Terry Pratchett?).

It’s not a bad thing to have some idea of the range of users you are catering for, though a range of 3 personas strikes me as restrictive. It is also thought-provoking in the light of recent development trends. Now we have the whole designer/developer thing; and separately, there is a new focus on modeling within Microsoft – see Oslo. How will Mort, Elvis and Einstein cope with all that?

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Windows Media Center madness

I use Windows Vista Media Center with a digital TV card. It had been working fine for a year, until last week.

Then it started playing up. Browsing TV recordings would raise an error: “A critical Windows Media Center process has failed. Please restart the computer and try again.” In addition, one particular TV program was reported as still recording, days after it had ended. Nothing was being written to the drive, but nothing else would record.

Needless to say, restarting the computer fixed nothing. For all the song and dance about self-healing applications, Windows Error Reporting, and the rest of it, the reality is that Google searches and fiddling with the registry and configuration files often remains the only way to fix things.

After a couple of a false trails, I found the help I wanted on the Green Button site. Stop the Media Center services, delete the files recording.xml and recording.bak in C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\eHome\Recording, restart Media Center. All is fine, except that any existing recording schedules are lost.

A small price for domestic harmony.

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Saving the planet with Sun’s thin client or an Asus Eee PC

I spoke yesterday at an Education Forum on the subject of open source software. While I was there I sat in on a discussion led by Sun’s Simon Tindall, on the subject of thin clients. Sun has been beating this drum for some time, not least because it sells suitable servers, though as far as I can tell the take-up has been relatively modest. The argument is usually about manageability, but Tindall majored on the energy aspect. He claimed typical power consumption of 8 watts for a Sun Ray 2, versus maybe 50 – 120 watts for a traditional PC. That excludes the display, plus the additional power consumption of the necessary chunky server for a Sun Ray 2, but there’s little doubt that a thin client approach will save a significant amount of energy.

The views of users were mixed. There were enthusiasts, but also reservations expressed about performance, particularly as multimedia becomes increasingly important. A weakness of these devices is that they have relatively weak graphics, and device support can be a problem.

Even so, if we are serious about reducing energy consumption it strikes me that this area is worth looking at. Windows Vista has some new power-saving features, but also makes the problem worse by using rich graphical effects in the main Windows user interface. Constant disk activity from services like the search indexer cannot help either.

I am not sure about using a thin client for all my work, but I like the idea of minimalist devices that let you accomplish common tasks without firing up an energy-hungry PC or laptop. Much of the time, Internet, email and word processing is all I need, for example. A device like the Asus Eee PC is interesting in this context: small screen, solid-state disk, low power consumption – perhaps even less than a Sun Ray 2 with a typical display. There’s also the OLPC, which draws no more than 15 watts.

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Huge update to MFC unveiled

Microsoft’s Herb Sutter has more details on the “massive update” to the Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC), about which I blogged back in August.

The focus seems to be on UI features, including Vista themes, Office 2007 Ribbon-alike, new dialogs, task panes, docking, tabbing, and so on.

How big an update is this? Here’s what Sutter says:

This update nearly doubles the size of MFC. Now, “nearly doubles the size of X” can be a bad thing. In this case, though, it’s a Good Thing… in my opinion, at least.

MFC was originally designed as a thin C++ wrapper for the Windows API, which accounts for its ugliness when considered purely as an application framework. I don’t know if the update fixes any of those underlying issues, but it will be handy for developers who need a quick route to an up-to-date Windows UI.

I interpret this as Microsoft acknowledging the continuing importance of native code versus .NET programming, though personally I would still rather use CodeGear’s Delphi

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Google’s Open Handset Alliance site: not mobile, not open

I was browsing the web on my mobile, as one does, and came across a news item about the Open Handset Alliance, Google’s new initiative to foster a Linux-based operating system for mobile devices, codename Android. I clicked the link, but thought I’d mis-clicked, because this is what I got:

Open Handset Alliance site showing only a Google search page

Puzzled, I checked out the site later on a PC. Everything was fine:

Open Handset Alliance showing blurb about commitment to openness

The problem is that Google automatically detects mobile browsers and redirects them to an “/m” version of the site. Which in this instance is completely useless. There is no obvious way round it – I tried amending the URL, but it bounced straight back to Google search. This is one of the reasons I dislike the mobile web.

Let me add that Google has done a mixed job on the “open” aspect, even if you visit with a supported browser. Most of the site doesn’t mention Google. It places itself modestly in alphabetical order under Software Companies, in the list of members.

So far so good, but then I hit the terms of service:

1.2 Your use of products, software, services and websites in connection with the Open Handset Alliance website (referred to collectively as the “Services” in this document) is subject to the terms of a legal agreement between you and Google.

4.3 As part of this continuing innovation, you acknowledge and agree that Google may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Services (or any features within the Services) to you or to users generally at Google’s sole discretion, without prior notice to you.

5.5 Unless explicitly permitted to do so by Google, you agree that you will not reproduce, duplicate, copy, sell, trade or resell the Services for any purpose.

Ouch. Those pesky lawyers just don’t get this open thing, do they?

Tech Ed reflections

Tech Ed Barcelona has been a low-key affair in some ways, with little in the way of exciting news; yet I was impressed with several pieces of technology which I had not looked at closely before.

I found it curious that the keynote made so little of these. In particular, I’m thinking about Silverlight 1.1, SQL Server 2008, and Project Astoria (also known as ADO.NET Data Services).

SQL Sever 2008 is a big release, though it is easy to get confused over what is part of SQL Server, and what is part of ADO.NET. I will be posting more on this subject, following my interview today with Michael Rys, Principal Program Manager of SQL Server Engine, Relational and XML (don’t try to say that quickly). One of the points of interest for those who follow Microsoft technology is the new FILESTREAM data type – in fact it is not strictly a data type, but another way to store blobs. This is a way to store unstructured data under SQL Server control, giving you the benefits of transactions, SQL Server security, backup, etc, but with the performance of the file system. In fact, each blob is stored as an individual file though you are not expected to find it using Windows Explorer. Using the SQL Server API you can get a WIn32 file handle to the blob, and there are no size limits other than those which the file system imposes. Result: faster access to the data.

Another piece of the puzzle is that full-text indexing is now fully integrated into the SQL Server engine. Right, so now we have indexed, queryable, high performance access to data in a transactional file system. Remind you of WinFS?

This will also give Sharepoint a significant performance boost in some future release, and Sharepoint is of strategic importance for Microsoft.

I’m also interested in Project Astoria, an easy to use a REST API into your database. This makes huge sense in the context of AJAX and Silverlight, and if you want to do mashups with other web services. I got the impression that Microsoft is being deliberately low key about this, pending an announcement at some future date. My guess is that it will be released at the same time as SQL Server 2008 – June next year? – but it is only a guess.

I fear much of this passed by many of the Tech Ed delegates. Talking to them at the party last night, I found that several were in the early stages of moving from .NET 1.1 to .NET 2.0. There is a substantial time lag between release and real-world adoption.

Plane about to leave so I’ll wrap up here. I do have more to post from Tech Ed, so check back soon.

Project Astoria a hit at TechEd

There is a buzz here at TechEd about Project Astoria. The reason is that it promises to simplify development of web applications that deal with data, which is most of them. Astoria is a REST API for ADO.NET, and hooks into the new Entity Framework object-relational mapping layer. Therefore, it solves two problems in one go.

Here’s a quick look at how it works. Let’s assume that you have a database which stores some information you want to present in your web application. Step one is to use Visual Studio to generate an Entity Data Model from your database.

Next, you tweak the model so that it looks as close as possible to the objects you are storing. The framework should deal with the complexities of mapping collections to linked tables and so on.

Now you create a new ADO.NET Data Service (sadly, this may well be the official name for Astoria), and point the service at your model. By default a new service does not expose any data, for security reasons, but by writing an InitializeService method you can configure which objects you want to publish.

Run the service, and the objects in your model are now URL-addressable. It’s pretty flexible. For example:

[serviceurl]/Products : return all the products (yes, you can do paging).

[serviceurl]/Products[2]: return the product with an ID of 2.

[serviceurl]/Products[Color eq ‘Blue’]: return all the blue products.

[serviceurl]/Customers[2]/Orders/:return all the orders for the customer with an ID of 2.

The data comes back in either ATOM or JSON format. Naturally, each element in the returned data includes its URL. Let’s say you have an AJAX application so you are calling this service from JavaScript. Iterating through the results and populating an HTML list or table is easy, especially as Astoria includes a client JavaScript library. There is also a client library for .NET applications. You can also add or update data with HTTP PUT, or remove it with DELETE.

You can extend your Astoria API by adding arbitrary methods that have the [WebGet] (or presumably [WebPut] or [WebDelete]) attribute. You can also add “interceptors” – code that gets called just before requests are executed, to enable validation or custom security.

Presuming it works as advertised, Astoria is a more natural and concise way to handle data than SOAP web services, and easier than devising your own techniques. It should work well with other technologies such as Adobe’s Flex. It will play nicely with mash-ups, since many other services out there use ATOM or JSON. it is a natural fit with AJAX and will work well with Silverlight – see http://www.silverlightdata.com [Silverlight 1.1 Alpha required] for an example.

Astoria will not be finished in time for the initial release of Visual Studio 2008, though reading between the lines it might be done in time for SQL Server 2008. It will work with any database server for which there is an Entity Framework provider. I was assured that creating such a provider is relatively easy, if you already have an ADO.NET 2.0 provider, so it is reasonable to expect wide support.

I think this will be popular.

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